Building ESGs through your Value Proposition: the case of the tourism sector and the environment

"Tourism represents 5% of the total GDP of the planet. It is the largest source of employment on the planet, similar to agriculture in terms of exports. It represents 8% of the foreign currency that enters all countries and the 9.4% of global investment.

Why invest in Sustainable Tourism?

- Investment in “greening” tourism can reduce the cost of energy and water (the consumption of a golf course is equivalent to the water consumption of a small town).
- Sustainable tourism has the potential to create new and better jobs.
- Sustainable tourism development can be designed to support the local economy and poverty reduction.
- Sustainable tourism can lead to broader economic, social and environmental benefits for host countries and their communities.

Sustainable tourism is good business!!

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
Energy
- Values ​​of energy consumption in hotels vary between 25-284 MJ/guest/night (world daily energy consumption per capita is estimated at 135 MJ).
- Tourism generates approximately 5% of total GHG emissions (1,302 Mt CO2), mainly from tourist transport (75%) and accommodation (21%).
- International and local transport generates a great impact on the environment. The mode of travel must be modified, have greater efficiency in fuel use, offset emissions, motivate and encourage the use of public transport.

Water
- The direct use of water in tourism varies between 100 to 2,000 liters per guest per night. Spending this at home is unthinkable, but in a luxury hotel it happens.
- Tourism and recreation in the US consume 946 million cubic meters of water per year (60% in accommodation).
- Water consumption by tourism in Europe is estimated at 843 million cubic meters (each tourist consumes 300-880 liters of fresh water per day; average residential per capita consumption in Europe is estimated at 241 liters per day).
- Approximately 2.5 billion gallons of water are used to irrigate the world's golf courses per day, equivalent to the daily needs of 80% of the global population.
- People invest in recycling, but that doesn't compare to the impact of not buying things that pollute.

Waste
- Each international tourist in Europe generates at least 1 kilogram of solid waste per day. Up to 2 kilograms/person/day for the United States.
- Total waste generated in Austria: (1.18 kg/person/day), Mexico (0.68 kg/person/day), India (0.4 kg/person/day) and the United States (2.3 kg/person/day).
- The global figure for solid waste generated by domestic and international tourism is close to 35 million tons per year.

Biological diversity
- In many cases, large-scale tourism has had detrimental effects on biological diversity, including coral reefs, coastal wetlands and mangroves, tropical forests, arid and semi-arid ecosystems, mountainous areas.
- The value of ecosystems for tourism is undervalued in many cases.
- Maximum monetary value of ecosystem services for tourism, in US dollars per hectare per year: coastal systems (US$41,416), coastal wetlands (US$2,904), inland wetlands (US$3,700), rivers and lakes (US$2,733), and tropical forests ($1,426).
- Biological diversity is affected proportionally to the growth of tourism.

Linkages in the Local Economy
Making tourism more sustainable can create stronger linkages with the local economy and increase the potential for local development:
- Protection of biological diversity, landscape and cultural heritage.
- Improve income and employment opportunities.
- Multiplier effects in other sectors such as agriculture, crafts, transport, water and waste management, energy efficiency and other services (mainly SMEs).
- Improvement of infrastructure.

(I International Forum on Animal Welfare and Sustainable Tourism, WSPA, San José, Costa Rica, 2011)

Please watch video of media coverage (Spanish) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OyPPoXeJyHQ

Please visit https://maxbrandt.net/pages/turismo

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