Carnuntum - Petronell

Carnuntum was from the 40s of the 1st century. after Kr. Roman seat (military and civilian city), a provincial city of the province of Pannonia / Upper Pannonia. It is located in the cadastral area of ​​today's municipalities Petronell and Bad Deutsch-Altenburg in Lower Austria. Before the establishment of this Roman city, Carnuntum was called the seat of an unknown place, where the Bratislava oppidum is also thought.

Military city

The military town consisted of a legionary camp and a military suburb. The first documented Roman seat in Carnunte was a legionary camp (lat. Castra). It was built by the Legion XV Apollinaris around 40 AD. (At first, it was wood-wrought, from the beginning of the 2nd century stone). Simultaneously with it, a military suburb (canabae legionis) was established in its vicinity, which housed families of soldiers, merchants and craftsmen under military command. In the military suburb, in addition to the suburb itself, there was a military amphitheater from the 1970s. after Kr. , military training ground (campus), governor 's palace, auxiliary castle, cult districts and thermals.

Civil city

At the latest around 70 AD. 2.2 km west of the military city, a civil city was established, in which Roman citizens who were interested in doing business (without being subject to military command) settled in the border province, at the Amber Road and in the vicinity of a strong military camp.

In the civil city, there was a forum, several temples, a curia, a city archive, a tabularia, several spas, insulae, and streets. Near the town, there was a civil amphitheater with a capacity of 14,000 spectators from the first half of the 2nd century and next to it a gladiatorial school (discovered in 2011). From the end of the 2nd century, city walls and several luxury buildings were added. Civil amphitheater probably in the 4th century. century. it disappeared because objects from this period were found in its southern entrance, indicating that a Christian Baptistery (church) probably stood here.

Called. The Pagan Gate (German Heidentor) was built on the access road to the civil city as a triumphant "arch" of Emperor Constantius in the 50s of the 4th century. It has the shape of a quadrangular tower with four arches built above a road junction (the quadrivium) and a large part of it has been preserved to this day.

Museum Carnuntinum

This museum was built in the town of Deutsch-Altenburg. It contains small finds of weapons and armaments (spears, swords, scaly armor remnants), ceramics, coins, various working tools (medical, construction), jewelry, and hygiene items (mirrors, combs, scissors, razors), fittings from various wooden cabinets and objects.

In the garden part of the museum are exhibited mainly funeral inscriptions of important persons of the military camp (officers, soldiers), but also the civil city, inscriptions of city officials, votive inscriptions dedicated to various gods. Preserved remains of mosaics and sculptures are also on display.

(Wikipedia)

Petronell - Carnuntum is around 25 km from Bratislava. Nice tour om bike for all day.

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Marian Kapitan