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Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country situated at the confluence of Western, Central, and Southern Europe.[note 4][14] It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern.[note 1][2][1] Switzerland is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. It is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps, and the Jura, spanning a total area of 41,285 km2 (15,940 sq mi), and land area of 39,997 km2 (15,443 sq mi). Although the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau, where the largest cities and economic centres are located, among them Zürich, Geneva, and Basel. These cities are home to several offices of international organisations such as the headquarters of FIFA, the UN's second-largest Office, and the main building of the Bank for International Settlements. The main international airports of Switzerland are also located in these cities.

Capital

None (de jure)

Bern (de facto)[note 1][1][2]


cityZürichOfficial languages

German

French

Italian

Recognised national languagesRomanshEthnic groups 

(2019)[3]

74.7% Swiss

25.3% foreign nationals

Religion 

(2018[4])

65.5% Christianity

—35.8% Roman Catholic

—23.8% Swiss Reformed

—5.9% Other Christian

26.3% No religion

5.3% Islam

1.6% Others

1.3% Unknown

Demonym(s)English: Swiss,
German: Schweizer(in),
French: Suisse(sse),
Italian: svizzero/svizzera or elvetico/elvetica,
Romansh: Svizzer/SvizraGovernmentFederal semi-direct democracy under a multi-party assembly-independent[5][6] directorial republic

• Federal Council

Guy Parmelin (President)

Ignazio Cassis (Vice President)

Alain Berset

Ueli Maurer

Simonetta Sommaruga

Viola Amherd

Karin Keller-Sutter

• Federal Chancellor

Walter ThurnherrLegislatureFederal Assembly

• Upper house

Council of States

• Lower house

National CouncilHistory

• Foundation date

c. 1300[note 2] (traditionally 1 August 1291)

• Peace of Westphalia

24 October 1648

• Restoration

7 August 1815

• Federal state

12 September 1848[note 3][7]Area

• Total

41,285 km2 (15,940 sq mi) (132nd)

• Water (%)

4.34 (as of 2015)[8]Population

8,327,126[10]

 Density

207/km2 (536.1/sq mi) (48th)GDP (PPP)2020 estimate

• Total

 $584 billion[11] (38th)

• Per capita

 $67,557[11] (9th)GDP (nominal)2020 estimate



UTC+2 (CEST)Date formatdd.mm.yyyy (AD)Driving siderightCalling code+41ISO 3166 codeCHInternet TLD.ch, .swiss
The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the late medieval period, resulting from a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the founding document of Switzerland which is celebrated on Swiss National Day. Since the Reformation of the 16th century, Switzerland has maintained a strong policy of armed neutrality; it has not fought an international war since 1815 and did not join the United Nations until 2002. Nevertheless, it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world.[15] Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross, one of the world's oldest and best known humanitarian organisations, and is home to numerous international organisations, including the United Nations Office at Geneva, which is its second-largest in the world. It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association, but notably not part of the European Union, the European Economic Area or the Eurozone. However, it participates in the Schengen Area and the European Single Market through bilateral treaties.
Switzerland occupies the crossroads of Germanic and Romance Europe, as reflected in its four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh. Although the majority of the population are German-speaking, Swiss national identity is rooted in a common historical background, shared values such as federalism and direct democracy,[16] and Alpine symbolism.[17]

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